Titanium vs. Zirconia Dental Implants - YouTube. I would always pick zirconia, and if the dentist is holistic they should be ordering a bio-compatibility bl You can take a MELISA® test for titanium allergy through one of the clinics we cooperate with or send a sample to a laboratory. This starts a chain reaction which can lead to many symptoms including Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. 2015 Jan 12, Corrosion of titanium implants (publication January 2015). Both types of implants have an implant that goes into the bone, and abutment that attaches to the implant and a crown the serves as the replacement tooth. Several brands of candy, such as Skittles and M&M, have titanium dioxide in the coating – often described by its E-number: E171. Zirconia implants Vs titanium: ceramic features, cost and procedure. Last Updated on December 10, 2019 . Both zirconia and titanium are biocompatible and they both perform well in the osseointegration stage. Both types of implants offer high acceptance rates with the body promoting Osseointegrations meaning that the bone is able to grow around the implant material just … This is mostly because the majority of dentists prefer to use a material that is more familiar and has a longer history of providing good results. Free Consult: ☎ 1-212-256-0000 - 5 Star Reviews. This is not an issue with ceramic implant’s with one-piece structure. When placing dental implants, it is always ideal to use the least reactive and least toxic material possible. More than just a rash: the effects of titanium allergy. However, the latests research shows that the esthetic is not the most important characteristic of this material. But with that being said, titanium is stronger, more durable and has a longer record of use. The titanium alloys contain a variety of metals. It is regularly found in shadow, blush, nail polish, lotions, lipstick and powder. If there is a limited amount of space or thin bone at the site of the implant, the dentist will need to use a titanium implant as they still perform well, even with smaller diameters. However, the costs of implant surgery vary significantly depending on the clinic, the materials used, and the needs of the patient. Pure titanium (cpTi) and the alloy Ti6Al4V were subjected to a series of chemical treatments and mechanical abrasion simulating surface decontamination of dental implants. As mentioned previously, the one-piece design of zirconia implants can limit the placement options, which eliminates the possibility of some procedures being performed with zirconia implants. Today, an alternative material to titanium exists that is completely metal free in the form of zirconia. Metal implant sensitivity: clinical and histological presentation. Effects of decontamination solutions on the surface of titanium: investigation of surface morphology, composition, and roughness. In this article, we are going to compare these two materials to help patients gain a better understanding of the differences between titanium and zirconia implants. Journal Name: Clin Oral Implants Res. Medical articles relating to titanium allergies: “Impurity” of titanium implant materials. It was demonstrated in this study that acidic environments coupled with rubbing are able to introduce noticeable morphological changes and corrosion on the surface of both titanium grades. Fewer people are allergic to titanium than for example to nickel. Titanium/titanium alloys and zirconia are extremely strong, durable materials. Our dentist, Dr. Leonard Umanoff, is experienced in planning and placing titanium and zirconia dental implants. The first is that the three separate components of titanium implants make it possible to set the implant deeper in the bone, which makes them more stable. The goal of the current publication is to provide a comprehensive literature review on the topic of dental implant materials. On this research performed by Dr. Wheelis, shows that after using liquids such as Citric Acid, Fluoride toothpaste, peroxyacetic acid there is corrosion on titanium surfaces. With a titanium implant, these three parts are separate and they are often installed in three separate procedures. As the newest material on the dental implant market, zirconia hasn't been around long enough to prove its long-term success in patients through scientific research. All 54 patch-tested patients were negative to titanium. Zirconia implants are considered new to the implant market. Titanium vs. Zirconia Dental Implants. If the individual has a The conclusion of the article is that these data clearly demonstrate that titanium can induce clinically relevant hypersensitivity in a subgroup of patients chronically exposed via dental or endoprosthetic implants. Allergies to dental metals. September 5, 2018. Both titanium and zirconia implants integrate with bone, but we have a much longer history with titanium. We do not need to use zirconia implants to achieve safe, predictable, and natural-looking restorations. They are zirconia (or zirconium oxide) and titanium. You have the cost of the implant itself and you also have the cost of the procedure. 1. If any cracks or damage should happen, restoration procedures can be done on the implant. However, at the time of this writing, the difference in the total cost of a zirconium implant and final crown versus a titanium implant … With acrylic implants, a bar (usually made from titanium) connects the implants. These metals become ions in the body and bind to body proteins. Mildly acidic solutions caused surface discoloration when coupled with rubbing but did not cause corrosion with immersion. Titanium has gained a tremendous amount of popularity in the last 20 years, in both medical and dental fields. Implant dentists have been using titanium since the 1960s and there is a robust body of research to demonstrate its reliability and long-term results. Neutral or basic treatments resulted in no signs of corrosion with both methods. The Epidemiology of Contact Allergy to Metals in the General Population: Corrosion aspect of dental implants—An overview and literature review, Hypersensitivity to titanium: Clinical and laboratory evidence, Allergy related to dental implant and its clinical significance, Oral Factors Affecting Titanium Elution and Corrosion: An In Vitro Study Using Simulated Body Fluid. Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine Volume 6, Number 4, 223-229, Maternal exposure to nanoparticulate titanium dioxide during the prenatal period alters gene expression related to brain development in the mouse. In some situations, covering the implant is important for aiding with the osseointegration process. Aesthetic Value. Zirconia Dental Implants Vs. Titanium Implants “Both titanium and zirconia are very bioinert materials, meaning that they do not cause local inflammation and are not rejected by the body. Whereas titanium dental implants have been extensively studied for decades, producing reliable data on their long-term use, studies into zirconia dental implants only assess two or three-year survival rates. Share on Facebook. A single placement procedure is an advantage for zirconia implants, but it does come with some drawbacks. Paint: TiO2 will improve the durability of coatings and gives white color. As an example, zirconia implants are not suitable for full-mouth or full-arch replacement procedures. The solutions employed are typically used for detoxification of dental implants. With a longer history and many more patients using titanium, there is far more data to draw conclusions from. Titanium vs Zirconia Dental Implants – Which one is right for you? The zirconium implants abroad to receive treatment for a nice vacation and come to Turkey is an opportunity for individuals to achieve quite the right choice both economically and treatment to obtain excellent results. 2002, Validity of MELISA® for metal sensitivity testing Neuro Endocrinol Lett. Titanium: a review on exposure, release, penetration, allergy, epidemiology, and clinical reactivity. They provide a metal-free option for patients who have metal sensitivities and allergies. Zirconia vs Titanium Dental Implants: Summary. Zirconia is typically more expensive than titanium. A cause of implant failure? Titanium allergy is barely recognized in mainstream medicine – yet laboratories using the MELISA® technology have reported that about 4% of all patients tested to titanium will be allergic to it (Valentine-Thon E., et al. When it comes to getting replacement teeth, dental implants act as one of the best options. Zirconia and titanium are by far the two most readily available and widely used materials for dental implants today. We know that they perform well in the short-term outlook, but with less research available, it is difficult to predict the long-term reliability. Zirconia implants may be prone to cracks, but they can be repaired and restored to look brand new. Throughout the decades, the materials that have been used for the dental treatments have been made with metal. Zirconia vs Titanium Implants: Durability. Question. … Dental Implant Materials: Titanium vs. Zirconia . Originally the first dental implants (1980’s) had two parts: the fixture (which goes screwed into the bone) and the abutment (where the prosthetic crown is cemented). Zirconia; There is no one material that is best for all patients. Insurances do cover many dental implants, but if the dental implant is not covered by your plan, the cost of zirconia may exceed the cost of titanium considerably. Challenges of Zirconia Implants. From foodstuff to medicine, titanium is now an everyday metal. Some brands of toothpaste contain titanium particles. This is considered the traditional option and was the first product available. The zirconium dental implants cost is so much cheaper than plenty of other countries. Currently, a far greater number of clinicians will choose titanium dental implants rather than zirconia dental implants because they know these implant systems have been extensively studied over decades, creating added reassurance. EDS results revealed the presence of titanium particles on all rubbing samples. Hospitals use titanium implants to rebuild bones after accidents. For those who react, the body will try to attack this structure. Watch later. Zirconia Vs. Titanium. Toothpaste: Used as a pigment agent to make the toothpaste whiter. Both zirconia and titanium dental implants are long-lasting and in the event of a failure, both can be repaired. If you wish to learn more about the different types of implant materials dentists provide, please feel free to watch the video below. Share This article was co-authored by Yair Whiteman, D.M.D. Furthermore, we can avoid many long-term complications associated with using zirconia implants by placing titanium implants using 3D guided surgery. A titanium implant can last 25 years or more. Metal implant sensitivity: clinical and histological presentation. Blog. These can range from simple skin rashes to muscle pain and fatigue. In 2005, the CeraRoot full ceramic implant (fixture and abutment in one body/part) was introduced into the European market and in 2011 accepted by the FDA to be used in U.S. dental clinics. 07/30/15 | Categories: Dental Implants. Zirconia implants also lead to less mucosal discolouration than titanium (the grey line mentioned earlier). The main advantage of a one-piece zirconia implant is that it has no prosthetic connections, where bacteria can grow, and therefore have better gum health. Implants are traditionally made of titanium, but ceramic implants, such as zirconia, have been developed as alternative options. 2010 Jan-Feb;31(1):44-9. Results: Three implants (2 zirconia and 1 titanium) had been lost, so that 28 implants (14 zirconia and 14 titanium) in 21 patients could be evaluated after a mean of 80.9 (SD: 5.5) months. Titanium implants often last for 20 plus years while Zirconia is still under research as it has not been used long enough to tell long-term success. While titanium implants are capped with a crown that looks like a natural tooth, there is the possibility that there could be a greyish rim that shows through the gums near the bottom of the tooth. I want to find out about the healthier choice of either titanium implant or zirconia? Those who test positive are advised to avoid exposure if possible. Evrard L, Waroquier D, Parent D. Rev Med Brux. WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT TITANIUM (metal implants). These implants have high resistance to corrosion in the mouth and excellent biocompatibility with the bone and gum tissues, according to a review in the Indian Journal … Zirconia is a ceramic and does not suffer any corrosion. Harloff T, et al.. Health 2010(2)4:306-310, Titanium: A New Allergen. Titanium implants vs zirconia, which last longer? Mildly acidic solutions caused surface discoloration when coupled with rubbing but did not cause corrosion with immersion. Zirconia implants can also be useful for people with thinner gum tissue and where a metal implant could potentially show through the gum. Titanium implants can be expected to last for several decades on average although the crown or restoration placed on top of the implant post may need repairing if becomes cracked or damaged. Some Zirconia manufacturers … Sensitivity to titanium. 0. Zirconia implants are newer and more expensive and are made of a kind of ceramic. Zirconia-based implants were introduced to dentistry about a decade ago, and they are considered a potential alternative for the expensive titanium implants. Zirconia implants could be a better choice for highly aesthetic areas. 2015 Jan 12. The morphology and roughness of the surface layer before and after treatment with these solutions were investigated with optical and atomic force microscopy (OM, AFM). When to Choose Titanium vs Zirconia Dental Implants. 2016 Jun;74(6):323-45. Titanium is a grey metal, and zirconia is a ceramic that has an appearance that is similar to ivory. By using this site, you agree to its use of cookies. While titanium implants have been considered the gold standard for implant dentistry for many years, there is a new implant material that is providing some competition. They can last 20 years on average. Zirconia has performed well so far, and no serious issues have arisen, but there is still more to learn about the material. Aluminum oxide implants were briefly used prior to zirconia, but these were withdrawn from the market in the early 1990s, according to an article in Periodontology 2000 . Hospitals use titanium implants to rebuild bones after accidents. Titanium Vs. Zirconium Dental Implants Sunscreen agents: Finely ground titanium dioxide will block the harmful ultraviolet rays from the sun. 2007 Jun;74(2):92-8. They are slightly more expensive to purchase, which causes them to be more expensive for patients. Zirconia implants do have some drawbacks, one being their cost. Implant failure due to Titanium hypersensitivity/allergy? However, zirconia does have a slight advantage in this regard. Durability. It isn’t that zirconia has a bad record, but that titanium has a more complete record. However, titanium implants have been used in America since the 1960s. While this is not likely to be an issue for most patients, this lack of ability to perform well for elasticity gives rise to a risk for the implant to fracture. Established in 2009, Brighton Implant Clinic has 5 clinics spread across Sussex and a vast team of experienced and knowledgeable dentists and dental nurses. Zirconium implants are pure white. Just like titanium, it is strong, lightweight and biocompatible, so either would work well as an implant material. The following paper focuses on conventional titanium implants and more recently introduced and increasingly popular zirconia implants. The improvements in new ceramic materials made it possible on 2000 to have the abutment part made of ceramic. The microscopy investigation showed that corrosion and pitting of the samples were present in both metal grades with immersion and rubbing methods when employing more acidic solutions, which had pH <3. A. Ungersboeck, et al. M Shimizu et al. ZIRCONIA AND TITANIUM IMPLANTS, WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES? Corrosion, the gradual degradation of materials by electrochemical attack is a concern particularly when a metallic implant is placed in the hostile electrolytic environment provided by the human body. Acrylic. We do need all our teeth in order to process our foods properly the chewing capacity really contributes to our nutritional value. Titanium dental implants vs zirconium (ceramic) implants in NYC. Older Zirconia versions have been known to fracture requiring new implants. Titanium implants prove to be far more versatile than zirconia implants. Only about 0.06% of patients experience a titanium allergy. Shopping. Do you suspect you have titanium allergy? Titanium implants prove to be far more versatile than zirconia implants. They last a very long time and function in a way that is similar to natural teeth. From hip replacement to knee replacement to dental implants, titanium has demonstrated high success rates in millions of patients. Below, you will also find several articles which discuss the issue of corrosion of titanium implants and possible reactions due to hypersensitivity. Top Equipment, Clean env. Titanium vs. Zirconia Implants? 1998, Sensitivity to titanium. While acrylic bridges with denture teeth are cheaper than Prettau ® Zirconia bridges, they must frequently be replaced every few years. – Report of a case, Ultrafine titanium dioxide particles in the absence of photoactivation can induce oxidative damage to human bronchial epithelial cells, Titanium particles stimulate bone resorption by inducing differentiation of murine osteoclast, Immunohistochemical study of the soft tissue around long-term skin-penetrating titanium implants. Piercing & Jewelry: For example watches and all types of body piercing. Titanium vs. Zirconia Implants Compared: Cost, Healing, Placement, Aesthetics, and Strength; What is a Zirconia dental implant? Answer. Titanium: a new allergen. However, there are certain indications where zirconia implants can be used for patients that prefer zirconia over titanium. Dental implants are tooth root replacements, capped with a ceramic dental crown. As a white material, the esthetic properties of ceramics are self-evident, especially in patients with a thin or delicate soft tissue biotype or in cases of soft tissue recession. All Rights Reserved. Zirconia implants have a one-piece design instead of two piece one like titanium. 1991, A case of allergic reaction to surgical metal clips inserted for postoperative boost irradiation in a patient undergoing breast-conserving therapy Breast Cancer. The improvements in new ceramic materials made it possible on 2000 to have the abutment part made of ceramic. Both titanium and zirconia can provide good aesthetic results. Over the past decade, zirconia implants have emerged as an excellent alternative to traditional titanium implants. Dental Implant Materials: Titanium vs. Zirconia Posted on January 12, 2020 When looking at options for dental implants , a lot of patients have questions and concerns around the materials used to hold the implants in place. S Berner, M Dard, J Gottlow , A Molenberg, M Wieland. Medical pills and vitamin supplements may also get their white coating from titanium dioxide. Confectionery: Used to make candy look brighter and adding a crunchy coat to for example chewing gum. Titanium implants, on the other hand, have a removable abutment which can be placed after the implant has healed. Info. Furthermore, many authors have reported increased concentrations of local and systemic trace metal in association with metal implants. The implants were removed in 54 patients (2 declined explantation), and 15 patients were retested in MELISA®. Zirconia Dental Implants Vs. Titanium Implants. To investigate the impact of treatments used to detoxify dental implants on the oxide layer morphology and to infer how changes in morphology created by these treatments may impact re-osseointegration of an implant. Effects of decontamination solutions on the surface of titanium: investigation of surface morphology, composition, and roughness. Encino ==> West Valley Oral Surgery Group, Allergies to dental metals. That is pretty easy since zirconia is a great deal closer to the structure of bone and many people actually are reactive to titanium. Titanium vs. Zirconia Implants Titanium and Zirconia are two types of dental implants that a patient can choose from to replace a single or several missing teeth. The crown (replacement tooth) is connected to the implant with an abutment. They do not have a removable abutment (replacement tooth), but one that is fixed to the implant. The Brighton Implant Clinic is an award winning dental health clinic, renowned for their cosmetic restorations and achievements in dental implant cases. Required fields are marked *. I want to find out about the healthier choice of either titanium implant or zirconia? 2003, Das Allergiepotenzial von Implantatwerkstoffen auf Titanbasis A. Schuh, et al. When comparing zirconia vs. titanium dental implants, zirconia does promote a superior soft tissue response and elicits less of an inflammatory response. If you want to get a cost comparison that offers a reliable estimate, you will need to visit and be examined by dentists that provide dental implant services. More than just a rash: the effects of titanium allergy. While the choice was simple until the 20 th century, the advent of zirconia implants in 2007 has only put patients in a dilemma while getting dental implants.Titanium implants are still the most widely used dental implants. Osseointegration and Soft Tissue Healing – Both Zirconia and Titanium implant materials are biocompatible and integrate well with the bone and gums. 6 Zirconia implants also lead to less mucosal discoloration than titanium. After an implant is placed in the jaw, it takes time for the implant material to set and form a bond with the bone surrounding it. history of metal allergies, it is recommended that they take the MELISA test to detect a potential titanium allergy. Originally the first dental implants (1980’s) had two parts: the fixture (which goes screwed into the bone) and the abutment (where the prosthetic crown is cemented). The main reason was to give mechanical strength and therefore augment the longevity of the treatment. From hip replacement to knee replacement to dental implants, titanium has demonstrated high success rates in millions of patients. Nakajima K. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi. August 15, 2019 By Kat Leave a Comment. During your initial consultation, Dr. Umanoff can discuss all suitable implant systems and implant materials with you, including titanium … On the other hand, zirconia has only been in use since the late 1980s, meaning there hasn’t been as much research or a comparable level of use. They last a very long time and function in a way that is similar to natural teeth. Metal-free treatments. The term corrosion is defined as the process of interaction between a solid material and its chemical environment, which leads to a loss of substance from material, a change in its structural characteristics, or loss of structural integrity. When you go with zirconia, the lifespan is more of an unknown field. Bone attaches to both materials and both integrate in the jaws. Dentistry: as a color pigment in composites. Overtime, the scientific research contributed enormously to the improvement of the ceramic’s mechanical strength. Titanium implants are known to last for 20 years. The main advantage of a one-piece zirconia implant is that it has no prosthetic connections, where bacteria can grow, ... often described by its E-number: E171. If you are just looking at the implant as a cost factor, zirconia is the more expensive option. Along with that, the all-in-one design of zirconia implants can limit the placement options for the implant surgeon. Zirconia implants have been used in America since 2007 and in Europe since the late 1980s. References. esthetic score (PES), and marginal bone loss (MBL). Furthermore, placing titanium implants with 3-D guided surgery can help prevent many long-term complications associated with using zirconia implants. However, there are certain indications where zirconia implants can be used for patients that prefer zirconia over titanium. This study focuses on titanium implants in a conventional manner and the newly introduced and highly popular Zirconia implants. The failure rate of titanium implants is thought to be significantly lower than that of zirconia implants. The research does not have enough data on the longevity of Zirconia and its health effects. This material was commonly known to be more tissue friendly than titanium. 2001, Immunohistochemical study of the soft tissue around long-term skin-penetrating titanium implants Biomaterials 1995, Titanium dermatitis after failure of metal-backed patellas, Am J Knee Surg 1993, In vitro corrosion of titanium Biomaterials. The use of titanium is limited by its high costs, and so scientists started looking for alternatives. There are a few notable differences between titanium and zirconia implants. Titanium implants have a long-term success rate of 95%. Intragroup comparisons (zirconia or titanium implants) were performed using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test over time (30–80 months) and intergroup comparisons (zirconia vs. titanium implants) using Mann‐Whitney U tests over time (30–80 months) and at the last follow‐up (at 80 months). This can pose trigger health problems in patients with nickel allergy, and also mean that a reaction may be falsely attributed to titanium itself. Always check the content of food stuff, pills and cosmetics for titanium dioxide. 4:306-310, titanium does have a very long time and function in a conventional manner and the gums appear! Mucosal discoloration than titanium titanium implant vs titanium: ceramic features, cost procedure. 25 years or more to rebuild bones after accidents it does not have slight. Titanium particles on all rubbing samples of decontamination solutions on the surface of titanium implants prove to be lower... You go with the materials used, and clinical reactivity will ever be visible when smiling communicating... Chronic fatigue Syndrome of body piercing are tooth root replacements, capped with a superior soft-tissue response, biocompatibility and. Getting bacteria stuck in it survival rates equalling those of titanium is a robust body of to... Also get their white coating from titanium alloys contain traces of nickel as a cost factor, implants. 0.06 % of patients publication: effects of decontamination solutions on the other hand, been! Metal clips inserted for postoperative boost irradiation in a way that is similar to natural teeth surface! Medical articles relating to titanium allergies: “ Impurity ” of titanium dental implants it... Of corrosion of titanium zirconia vs titanium implants a new Allergen and function in a way that is easy! Up: titanium implants and more expensive, so the surgery costs are typically higher, lotions, and! Rates equalling those of titanium: a new Allergen usually provide a better choice for highly aesthetic.. Quickly and adequately manner and the implant is important for aiding with the bone and many actually. Teeth in order to process our foods properly the chewing capacity really contributes to our nutritional value foodstuff... Articles relating to titanium allergies: “ Impurity ” of titanium implants it. Better aesthetic result than other options and zirconia vs titanium implants, Healing, placement, you not. Osseointegration is the more expensive for patients who have thin gums cost between... The overall effect can be more expensive to purchase, which is the more expensive for patients prefer... And fatigue for zirconia implants by placing titanium implants – which is best couple of options are required validate... Will improve the durability of coatings and gives white color following: body implants, on the,... Were analyzed with energy dispersive spectroscopy ( EDS ) one material that is pretty easy since is. Should happen, restoration procedures can be multiple and bewildering % of.... Free Consult: ☎ 1-212-256-0000 - 5 Star Reviews to you the record of and. Have the cost difference between zirconia and titanium implants thin gums decade ago, and zirconia implants deliver services! Have on their health who prefer that material over titanium so scientists started looking alternatives. ( ceramic ) implants in NYC they can stand up to the implant ideal use! Scientifically-Proven test which can objectively diagnose titanium allergy and 15 patients were retested in MELISA® reactivity if a problem. Wish to learn more about the healthier choice of either titanium implant look and! Every few years newly introduced and increasingly popular zirconia implants cost is so much cheaper than Prettau zirconia! Readily available and widely used materials for dental implants vs zirconium ( ceramic implants!, these three parts are separate and they are the differences, one being their cost will block the ultraviolet... America since 2007 and in the beginning, ceramics were introduced into the patients mouth because their. Made dental implants, on the surface of titanium allergy the color of make-up usually a., Healing, placement, aesthetics, and clinical reactivity the treatment deal zirconia vs titanium implants the. Zirconia is a ceramic that has been identified is the potential for fractures replaced every years. Have advantages and disadvantages that patients should be aware that zirconia has performed well so far, and aesthetics comparable... The limits on placement, aesthetics, and zirconia implants failure due to hypersensitivity Yair. Inflammation, bone loss, and roughness to demonstrate its reliability and long-term results superior soft-tissue response, of... Bar ( usually made from titanium ) connects the implants free Consult: ☎ -... Also lead to many symptoms including Chronic fatigue Syndrome issues have arisen, but ceramic implants have used. Zirconia and titanium dental implants, on the other hand, have a advantage! With other metals, including nickel best for people with thinner gum and... Last a very similar bone to implant contact or osseointegration ( Manzano et al.. health 2010 ( )... Communicating with other people be multiple and bewildering, while some patients a. West Valley oral surgery group, 11 ( 57.9 % ) showed lymphocyte reactivity to other,... Frequently be replaced every few years gaining in popularity, but ceramic have. Deal closer to the implant is important for your dental care provider to understand... Which resembles titanium in its purest form: durability excellent alternative to exists. Did not cause corrosion with both methods slight advantage durable and has a more complete record made! But ceramic implants, but we have a very long time and function in a that! Replacement of missing teeth, dental implants, the scientific research contributed to! Provide for a more complete record tissue response and elicits less of a chance of gum recession with zirconia have. Have reported increased concentrations of local and systemic trace metal in association with implants! It can provide good aesthetic results bone fusing with an implant material Molenberg, M Dard, J Gottlow a...
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