Girija Prasad, as the main leader, had talks with the King and the agreement for monarchy's position. [2] There was no single successful coalition government as court politics were driven from large factional rivalries, consecutive conspiracies and ostracization of opponent Bharadar families through assassination rather than legal expulsion. He is the worldly political leader and also the Commander of the Faithful or Amir al-Mou'minin since he is viewed as an immediate descendant of Prophet Mohammed, giving him t… BBC 16 February 2007, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gyanendra_of_Nepal&oldid=998454195, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George, Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (France), Grand Crosses of the Order of the House of Orange, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Recipients of the Order of Abdulaziz al Saud, Members of the Order of Diplomatic Service Merit, Articles with dead external links from August 2011, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox royalty with unknown parameters, Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2013, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from January 2017, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2014, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 13:04. [4] After opposition to the hereditary rule of the Rana Prime Ministers from India, a deal was reached in January 1951, and Gyanendra's grandfather King Tribhuvan returned to Nepal and resumed the throne. [29], In an interview with News 24 TV channel in 2012, King Gyanendra stated that he would return as the King of Nepal, although he did not state a particular time frame. [24] The King was considered as an incarnation of Lord Vishnu and was the chief authority over legislative, judiciary and executive functions. United Nations, UNDP Nepal, SAARC, ESCAP, FAO, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, Interpol, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WTO. His second reign began after the 2001 Nepalese royal Massacre. Girija Prasad Koirala was appointed prime minister in the interim. If either of the candidates fails to garner the majority of the delegate’s votes, a runoff pits the top two candidates until one of them gets th… He was 51 years old and had been king since May, 1956. The elections were thus perceived to constitute a strong endorsement of the 1990 political changes, and G.P. King could work as the head of state in Nepal before 2065 BS. [17], It was announced on 24 December 2007 that, following the approval of the Nepalese Parliament, the monarchy would probably be suspended in 2008, as part of a peace deal with Maoist rebels. Gyanendra was born in the old Narayanhiti Royal Palace, Kathmandu, as the second son of Crown Prince Mahendra and his first wife, Crown Princess Indra. His predecessor King Birendra had established a constitutional monarchy in which he delegated policy to a representative government. Ideals of the old Bharadari governmentship. After several delays in elections, King Gyanendra suspended the constitution and assumed direct authority in February 2005, asserting that it would be a temporary measure to suppress the Maoist insurgency as the ushering in of democracy in Nepal had led to a fractious, corrupt and incompetent series of government who were successively incapable to deal with the Maoist insurgency. On 7 February 2008 the BBC reported King Gyanendra as saying to Japanese journalists: "The Nepali people themselves should speak out on where the nation is heading, on the direction it is taking and on why it is becoming chaotic [...]. The former was an established political party and the latter emerged from a decade-long armed conflict in which some 13,000 people lost their lives. [3] In the end of the 18th century, the central politics was regularly dominated by two notable political factions; Thapas and Pandes. [2] Another reason was the minority of the reigning King between 1777 and 1847 that led to establishment of anarchial rule. [21] He was declared Mukhtiyar (Chief Authority) of Nepal and led the new government from a royal mandate of minor King Girvan Yuddha Bikram Shah. Once parliament dissolves, Israelis will head to the polls in March for a fourth time since early 2019, this time in the midst of the coronavirus pandemic, a major economic recession, and while Netanyahu is on trial for a series of corruption charges. [24] The king had full rights to expel any person who offended the country and also pardon the offenders and grant return to the country. [citation needed] Thus, King Gyanendra's confrontational approach with the established political parties met with widespread censure. but the period of direct rule was accompanied by repression of dissent. He claimed that the parliament which declared a republic was reinstated by the King himself and had no authority to dethrone the same King. KATMANDU Nepal, Jan 31 —King Mahendra bf Nepal died today after suffering a heart attack yesterday the Government announced. [17][18] The assassination of Rana Bahadur Shah triggered a great massacre in Bhandarkhal (a royal garden east of Kathmandu Durbar) and at the bank of Bishnumati river[19][20] after which Kaji Bhimsen killed 55 senior officials to benefit from the chaos. Later, Kirtiman Singh was secretly assassinated on 28 September 1801, by the supporters of Raj Rajeshwari Devi[7] and his brother Bakhtawar Singh Basnyat, was then given the post of Chief (Mul) Kaji. [3] In the face of broad opposition, he restored the previous parliament in April 2006. The President of Nepal serves as the nation’s head of state. However, he conceded that the people do have the right to choose the fate of the monarchy. An agreement was reached between the parties under the supervision of the Indian ruling Congress that the monarchy would have a place in the new constitution. [22], Mukhtiyars ruled over the executive and administrative functions of the state until its replacement by British conventional Prime Minister in 1843 conferred upon then ruling Mukhtiyar Mathabar Singh Thapa.[23]. However, the scheduled visit of Gyanendra to Myagdi was cancelled following opposition from different political parties. There is something eerily Macbeth-like about King Gyanendra's fling with the throne. 5 of 5 Nepalese pro-king supporters march demanding reinstating monarchy that was abolished more than a decade ago in Kathmandu, Nepal, Monday, Jan.11, 2021. [3] As per historians and contemporary writer Francis Hamilton, the government of Nepal[note 2] comprised, As for Regmi states, the government of Nepal comprised, In 1794, King Rana Bahadur Shah came of age and his first act was to re-constitute the government such that his uncle, Prince Bahadur Shah of Nepal, had no official part to play. All powers of the 239-year-old monarchy were stripped, making Gyanendra a civilian king. In an interview with Nepal Aaja, Dr. KC remarked that the former king did not show any active interest to return to the throne or into politics. [citation needed], In an interview, King Gyanendra's advisor, Bharat Keshar Singh, claimed that the bill passed by the parliament was a bluff. [24] These basic Hindu templates provide the evidence that Nepal was administered as a Hindu state. Ram Baran Yadav was elected as the state’s first president. Nepal Bhutan ... of an unprecedented situation involving a foreign head of state. Also, there is no Nepali version of Franco in sight to install the king back in power. This was for a bill to amend the constitution to make Nepal a republic. [13][14] Later in April 1806, tensions arose between Chief Chautariya Sher Bahadur Shah and Mukhtiyar Rana Bahadur Shah on the night of 25 April 1806 during a meeting at Tribhuvan Khawas's house[15][16] where around 10 pm, Sher Bahadur in desperation drew a sword and killed Rana Bahadur Shah before being cut down by nearby courtiers, Bam Shah and Bal Narsingh Kunwar, also allies of Bhimsen. In October 2002, he dismissed Deuba and consolidated his power for the first time. Citing the recent survey which showed 49% of respondents favoured the continuation of the monarchy in some form, Gyanendra claimed, "A majority of the people find great meaning in the institution of the monarchy. He claimed that the King was examining the activities of the government and the parliament and was waiting for a suitable time to respond to them. [2][note 1] These Bharadars were drawn from high caste and politically influential families. Apparently searching for a new national emblem has formed part of these developments. The executive branch of government is the organ that exerts authority and is accountable for how a state is governed. They are heads of state and heads of government.. He leads the Commission for the Monastic Affairs or the Dratshang Lhentshog. He said that no people[clarification needed] would accept the "bill" unless decided by a referendum or elected members in the constituent assembly. Two years later, a newly elected parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and declared Nepal a republic with a president as head of state. In April 2006, the seven-party alliance and the then banned CPN Maoist party in an underground manner[clarification needed] staged protests and strikes in Kathmandu against Gyanendra's direct rule. His reign ended about two years later. [23], Gyanendra left the Narayanhiti Palace in Kathmandu on 11 June 2008, moving into the Nagarjuna Palace. Prior to the abolition of the Nepali monarchy in 2008, it was officially known as His Majesty's Government.[1]. Bharadars formed consultative body in the kingdom for the most important functions of the state as Councellors, Ministers and Diplomats. In November 2005, the Maoists joined other political parties to sign a 12-point agreement. The constitution gives the King a lot of powers. He also dismissed the need for a referendum on bringing the institution of monarchy back into power. Against all odds, he was crowned king in 1950, when he was only three. This isn't a democracy. "[27] This ended the idea of a "King in Parliament", and he was reduced to a figurehead, though for a time he continued to offer felicitations and to receive diplomats. [12] He is a keen conservationist and served as Chairman of the King Mahendra Trust for Nature Conservation (later known as National Trust for Nature Conservation) from 1982 until his reaccession to the throne in 2001.[7]. The rally was organized by The Main Civilian Birthday Celebration Committee, however, the former king refused to give audience to the crowd as he didn't celebrate his birthday in public due to the demise of his relatives. In November 1950, during a political plot, both his father and his grandfather King Tribhuvan, along with other royals, fled to India, leaving the young Prince Gyanendra as the only male member of the royal family in Nepal.He was brought back to the capital Kathmandu by the Prime Minister Mohan Shamsher, who had him declared King on 7 November 1950. [30], On 8 July 2019, the former king's birthday was observed by thousands of Nepalese who marked the occasion by marching to his private residence at Nirmal Niwas Palace. [20], On 28 May 2008, the monarchy was officially given no place in the amended constitution of 1990 and was replaced by a republic. Bhimsen Thapa was made a second kaji; Ranajit Pande, who was the father-in-law of Bhimsen's brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Kaji; Sher Bahadur Shah, Rana Bahadur's half-brother, was made the Mul (Chief) Chautariya; while Rangnath Paudel was made the Raj Guru (royal spiritual preceptor). The king’s reign can be cut short by a two-thirds majority vote from the legislature and after that a referendum where a simple majority in all of the nation’s twenty districts is required. [9] As his nephew lay in a coma, Prince Gyanendra was named regent; but after King Dipendra's death on 4 June 2001, Gyanendra resumed the throne.[10]. He claimed that his attempt on 1 February 2005 was for a good purpose—restoring peace and stability in the country. Out of Kathmandu, the latest breaking news,analysis and opinion from Nepal and the world on politics, business, sports, entertainment, and much mores ", "All the king's businesses- Nepali Times", Nepal: Ex-King accorded touching greet en route, arrives Pokhara, The Himalayan Times : Ex-king's Myagdi visit cancelled over protest - Detail News : Nepal News Portal, "Final Programmes for The Coronation and The Silver Jubilee Celebration", Unofficial translation of the commission report on the palace incident, King of Nepal is stoned by crowd. [36] 2002. The royal government exercised minimum restraint[clarification needed] but declared a curfew to control the deteriorating situation, which was enforced with live firearms and tear gas. Nepal Bhutan ... She told Nikkei that the German government should stop accommodating the Thai head of state. The character of government in Kingdom of Nepal was driven from consultative state organ of the previous Gorkha hill principality, known as Bharadar. [citation needed]. He took over the administration of Nepal by assuming the position of Mukhtiyar (chief authority). Here the government of Nepal can simply be called, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPradhan2012 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFAcharya2012 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKarmacharya2005 (, Learn how and when to remove these template messages, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration, Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transport, Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation, Ministry of Information and Communications, Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock Development, Ministry of Land Management, Cooperatives and Poverty Alleviation, Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security, Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs, Ministry of Women, Children and Senior Citizen, Ministry of Health and Population (Nepal), Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, National Natural Resources and Fiscal Commission, Inspector General (सशस्त्र प्रहरी महानिरीक्षक), "Timilsina officially elected as NA chairperson", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Nepal&oldid=999111966, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from February 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles needing additional references from February 2013, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles containing Nepali (macrolanguage)-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 8 January 2021, at 15:18. Speaking to a select group of Japanese correspondents at the Narayanhiti Royal Palace on 4 February 2008, King Gyanendra said, "[The decision] doesn't reflect the majority view of the people. Prime Minister Koirala, who had previously supported the continuation of the monarchy, said in March 2007 that he thought Gyanendra should step down. After his birth, his father was told by a court astrologer not to look at his newborn son because it would bring him bad luck, so Gyanendra was sent to live with his grandmother. [5] Kirtiman had succeeded Abhiman Singh Basnyat as Chief Kaji[6] while Prince Bahadur Shah was succeeded as Chief (Mul) Chautariya by Prince Ranodyot Shah, then heir apparent of King Rana Bahadur Shah by a Chhetri Queen Subarna Prabha Devi. Parliament's proclamation that Nepal was a republic also occurred on a Friday. Pro-king supporters clash with riot police as they march demanding reinstating monarchy that was abolished more than a decade ago in Kathmandu, Nepal, Monday, Jan.11, 2021. While the Nepali Congress had a long history of democratic struggle, the Nepal Communist Party was formed only in 2018 after the merger of CPN-UML and Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist-Centre). The King, who is a hereditary ruler and the head of state, and the Prime Minister make up the executive branch of the government. In some cases they are de facto leaders not occupying either of those positions or prime ministers who are not heads of government. "[28] The long struggle paid off when King Birendra accepted constitutional reforms and established a multiparty parliament with himself as the Head of State and an executive Prime Minister under him. Replying to a question raised regarding the King's silence even after the bill was passed declaring the state a republic, he said that there was nothing for the King to respond to. Following his departure, the Narayanhiti Palace was turned into a museum, while Gyanendra's diamond- and ruby-encrusted Crown and royal sceptre, along with all the other crown jewels and royal assets, became government property. His new residence consists of ten buildings including the royal residence Hemanta Bas, three guesthouses (Barsha Bas, Sharad Bas and Grishma Bas), one office secretariat and one staff quarters. [8] After interviewing more than 100 people—including eyewitnesses, palace officials, guards, and staff—they concluded that Crown Prince Dipendra had indeed carried out the massacre, but they drew no further conclusions. Nepal's Supreme Court on Friday issued a show-cause notice to the Oli-led government, asking it to submit a written clarification over its decision to abruptly dissolve Parliament. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. When King Gyanendra took complete control for the second time, on 1 February 2005, he dismissed Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba's government for failing to make arrangements for parliamentary elections and being unable to restore peace in the country, which was then in the midst of a civil war led by Maoist insurgents. Monday's protest was the … The head of government, by contrast, is the person who actually leads the government in creating and enforcing policies. Two years later, a newly elected parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and declared Nepal a republic with a president as head of state. King Mahendra assumed the largely titular head of state position given the monarchy under the 1959 constitution, did not intervene with the governance of the country, and spent most of his time touring Nepal or travelling abroad. [8] Later Damodar Pande was appointed by Queen Rajrajeshwari as Chief Kaji. Nepal - Nepal - Fall of the monarchy: The country’s political life in the 1990s and 2000s was marked by prolonged instability as the monarchy, the NC, and Maoists jostled for power. His investment in Soaltee Hotel alone was estimated to be around $100 million in 2008 with a 40% stake. [24] The government on practicality was not an absolute monarchy due to the dominance of Nepalese political clans making the Shah monarch a puppet ruler. [10][11][12] A new government was constituted with favoring officials. The institution of the presidency in Nepal was created with the declaration of the country as a Republic in 2008. Nevertheless, Gyanendra left for Pokhara. Police blocked the main road to the prime minister's office, using batons to beat the protesters, who responded by throwing rocks and sticks. As a child, he was briefly king from 1950 to 1951, when his grandfather, Tribhuvan, went into exile in India with the rest of his family. After 23 protesters were killed, on 21 April 2006, Gyanendra announced that he would yield executive authority to a new prime minister chosen by the political parties to oversee the return of democracy. Gyanendra's second reign was marked by constitutional turmoil. Other terms might include grand duchy (as in the case of Luxembourg), principality (as in the case of Monaco), or city state (as in the case of the Vatican). [30][31], King Gyanendra also stated in the interview with News24 that a written agreement existed between the politicians and himself that the constitutional monarchy would be returned when he gave up his powers to the politicians and restored the Parliament that he had sacked. [34], Reports of citizens wanting to reinstate the ousted monarchy are commonplace in the Nepali media due to the widespread corruption in political establishments, unstable governments and the frivolous lifestyles of the unpopular president Bhandari and prime minister Oli's frequent visits regarding health condition to Singapore on taxpayers' money. This incident is called People’s Movement-ll. Weeks of street protests in 2006 forced then King Gyanendra to abandon his authoritarian rule and introduce democracy. The cu… [3] The government was stated to have controlled by regents, Mukhtiyars and alliance of political faction with strong fundamental support. On 28 December 2007, the Nepali interim parliament approved a bill for the amendment to the constitution of 1990 promulgated on 15 January 2007, with a clause stating that Nepal would become a federal democratic republic, to be implemented by the first meeting of the Constituent Assembly elections. His elder brother King Birendra had negotiated a constitutional monarchy during his rule in a delicate manner in which he, as King, played a minor role in government. In October 2002, King Gyanendra, citing the Maoist uprising in the countryside as his reason, began taking over different aspects of the government with the army’s assistance. Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev (Nepali: ज्ञानेन्द्र शाह; Gyānendra Śāha; born 7 July 1947) reigned as the King of Nepal from 2001 to 2008. Nepal has seen political turmoil for some time, the latest developments seeing the King hand over his powers to a parliamentarian government and the government signing a peace treaty with Maoist rebels. The task to elect Nepal’s president rests with an electoral college constituting the country’s parliament and members of the provincial legislatures. Like the warrior king, he too was led astray by a luring fate and overweening ambition. Let us hope. Heads of government of the Kingdom of Nepal (1768–2008) Before 1800s. The role of President is largely ceremonial as the functioning of the government is managed entirely by the Prime Minister who is appointed by the Parliament. The position is hereditary, but the king retires at 65 years of age. According to Article 167 of the constitution, all executive powers as well as those enjoyed by the King in the previous Constitution were now vested in the prime minister. First, the idea of monarchy itself is outdated and regressive. The head of state is the President and the Prime Minister holds the position of the Head of executive. The Government of Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल सरकार) is an executive body and the central government of Nepal. During his early years on the throne, King Gyanendra sought to exercise full control over the government, citing the failure of all the political parties to hold an election after the parliament was dissolved. He asserted that since the politicians had not asked the people by a referendum to abolish the institution, a referendum to bring him back was not needed. The move did not affect the properties he owned before his accession to the throne. The growing insurgency of the Nepalese Civil War during King Gyanendra's reign interfered with elections of representatives. The Government of Nepal (Nepali: नेपाल सरकार) is an executive body and the central government of Nepal.Prior to the abolition of the Nepali monarchy in 2008, it was officially known as His Majesty's Government.. For instance; Thar Ghar aristocratic group in previous Gorkha hill principality. [16], On 23 August 2007 Nepal's transitional government nationalised all the properties Gyanendra inherited from his brother, including the Narayanhiti Royal Palace. King Gyanendra also said that law and order in the country was deteriorating, and questioned the interim government's ability to govern the country even after he had accepted the road map of the seven-party alliance. The King then finally took over as the head of government in February 2005. [6] He served as the chairman of the Advisory Committee for the Coronation of his brother King Birendra in 1975. The Rana Prime Minister provided a 300,000 rupee annual budget as expenditure for the King. Koirala, the brother of Nepal’s first elected prime minister (1959–60), was nominated by the NC and appointed by the king to head the new elected government. Leaders speaking at the corner assembly called on Gyanendra to stop his visit and also warned that they would obstruct his tour forcibly if he started it. [4], In November 1950, during a political plot, both his father and his grandfather King Tribhuvan, along with other royals, fled to India, leaving the young Prince Gyanendra as the only male member of the royal family in Nepal. [5] Kajis had held the administrative and executive powers of nation after the fall of Chief Chautariya Prince Bahadur Shah in 1794. The interview was published in Japan's leading newspaper, Daily Yomiuri. Gyanendra, in an interview with foreign reporters published on 9 April 2008,[26] expressed dissatisfaction over the decision made by the interim parliament to abolish the monarchy after the 10 April Constituent Assembly election. He was deposed by the first session of the Constituent Assembly on 28 May 2008, thereby declaring the nation as the Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal and abolishing the 240-year reign of the Shah Dynasty. [citation needed], King Gyanendra studied with his elder brother King Birendra at St. Joseph's School, Darjeeling, India; in 1969, he graduated from Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu. King Gyanendra married his second cousin Komal Rajya Lakhsmi Devi on 1 May 1970 in Kathmandu. ... response rebutting its finding that the German government could act against the king if it wished. [32], In July 2019, the former king summoned acclaimed political analyst Dr. Surendra KC where the two discussed the current political environment of the nation. The government is led by a Kshatriya king guided by Brahmins in his court. The policies of the old Bharadari governments were derived from ancient Hindu texts as Dharmashastra and Manusmriti. Nepal was only to this extent a Hindu Rashtra. [6] [33], During a private party at Trisara restaurant in Durbarmarg, a picture taken of the former king dancing caused significant unrest and outcry, most notably from Maoist leader Prachanda and prime minister Oli. However, Dr. KC did note that the former monarch showed great concerns for the condition of the Nepalese in times of economic turmoil and political suppression. Critics and citizen alike condemned the remarks of the politicians' criticizing the former king's private affair. ", King Gyanendra had broken his closely guarded silence in an interview with a Nepali weekly paper in which he said he remained silent to "let the peace process succeed". The country’s head of state bears the title of Druk Gyalpo which translates to Dragon King. [9] When the exiled abdicated King Rana Bahadur Shah prepared his return in 1804, he arrested many government officials including then Chief Kaji Damodar Pande and sacked the reigning government. Therefore, the visitors wrote birthday wishes on registers kept at the Nirmal Niwas Palace. A monarchy is typically called a kingdom. On 10 June 2006, the Parliament scrapped the major powers of the King, including his right to veto laws. [11], King Gyanendra promised that "peace and effective democracy" would be restored within three years. He said that his attempt was not a success and so the countrymen are suffering at present. [22] As he was required to leave Narayanhiti, he asked the government to make residential arrangements for him on 1 June, and on 4 June the government decided to give Nagarjuna Palace to Gyanendra. [37][38], Soon after news emerged of a ten-day personal visit to Parbat district in 2012, ten political parties of the district organized a corner assembly[clarification needed] at Shibalaya Chowk of Kusmabazaar, and decided to protest against Gyanendra's visit.
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