Continuation of JOUR 2032. (Typically offered: Fall), An introduction to basic data reporting skills, including how to use data to guide and inform reporting as well as tell stories to better serve the public. 3 Hours. Please read and share our statement -- from the School of Journalism and Strategic Prerequisite: JOUR 2453 with a grade of C or better, or instructor consent. Emphasis on the major types of qualitative and quantitative research, electronic data base searching, and traditional library research. Hoyt Purvis, professor emeritus of journalism, J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences. Content varies. (Typically offered: Fall and Spring). Studio lab and field work outside of regularly scheduled class time required. 3 Hours. Provides an in-depth experience of combining street reporting and data analysis to tell a story of significant societal importance. 3 Hours. This course is cross-listed with AAST 3263, ENGL 3263, COMM 3263. Consisting of a four story classroom block and a seven story tower of faculty offices, it houses the departments of Communications, Drama, English, Foreign Languages, Journalism and Physics, making it the busiest academic building on campus. Introduction to the specialized field of sports television production. Prerequisite: JOUR 3072 and JOUR 3071L, each with a grade of C or better. Corequisite: Lab component. Course includes magazine design, selecting and editing stories and photographs, laying out the story and photo pages, and other mechanical processes. Prerequisite: Junior standing and 10 hours of journalism and a 2.5 cumulative grade average. Covers introductory journalistic writing and correct grammar usage, the logic governing syntax and punctuation use, analysis of grammar and syntax, sentence structure, word selection to convey proper meaning, memory aids, and other language topics relevant to journalistic writing. 3 Hours. Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701479-575-4801 Graduate degree credit will not be given for both JOUR 4073 and JOUR 5173. Prerequisite: Instructor consent. (Typically offered: Fall). (Typically offered: Fall, Spring and Summer) May be repeated for degree credit. Event Promotion and Execution. 3 Hours. Prerequisite: JOUR major and junior standing and 10 hours JOUR and 2.50 cumulative grade point average. We’d like to thank our generous donors for making it possible to award scholarships to journalism students. Journalism Writing Requirement. (Typically offered: Spring). JOUR 5163. 3 Hours. Prerequisite: Journalism major, Journalism minor, or department consent. JOUR 4093. Business Journalism. Prerequisite: JOUR 2013 or JOUR 2032 with a grade of C or better. Prerequisite: Honors candidacy (not restricted to candidacy in journalism). Prerequisite: JOUR 2032 and JOUR 2031L, each with a grade of C or better. Research methods of utility in journalism. This three-hour course will blend student' reporting and editing skills with instruction on how regional newspapers select and present news to a local audience. 3 Hours. Emphasizes content creation and web publishing, including infographics and promotional materials. with Advertising-PR Sequence Eight-Semester Degree Program. 2 Hours. Prerequisite: Instructor permission. JOUR 3071L. Students will compose magazine-length nonfiction stories on timely subjects under deadline. Laboratory 3 hours per week. Primary purpose of course is to enlarge the journalistic skills of students interested in advanced forms of mass communication. JOUR 4033. 3 Hours. The semester goal is to publish a paper. Covers the historic context of contributions and innovations to U.S. newspapers by African Americans. 3 Hours. Click the buttons above to learn more. (Formerly JOUR 4883.) 3 Hours. Prerequisite: Any STAT course or instructor permission. A survey of the history of images of African Americans in film, especially as these images are examined in the context of stereotypical renditions and/or realistic representations of African American experiences. 1 Hour. JOUR 3733. Broadcast News Reporting I Laboratory. Photojournalism I Laboratory. Due to this, the school was ranked #23 out of all colleges and universities that offer this degree. Advanced Television News Production. guidance and access to hands-on experience from our seasoned, award-winning faculty Popularity of Journalism at UARK. Introduction to Sports Television Production I. Links to important University of Arkansas pages. Prerequisite: Graduate standing. The Center for Ethics in Journalism J. William Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences. (Typically offered: Fall). Magazine Editing and Production I. Stories are submitted for contests and publication, when possible. Advanced production techniques in the specialized field of sports television production. 3 Hours. Study of news and feature photography. and staff. (Typically offered: Fall, Spring and Summer) May be repeated for up to 3 hours of degree credit. by rmccargo | Apr 3, 2020 | Upcoming Events. Fayetteville, AR 72701 Prerequisite: ENGL 1023 and junior or senior standing. According to the University of Arkansas' Walter J. Lemke Department of Journalism, the undergraduate journalism program has three areas of emphasis: Editorial/News Sequence, Broadcast Radio & TV Sequence, and Advertising & Public Relations Sequence. African-American history, culture and socio-political context are addressed in the analyses of these documentary films from the perspectives of mainstream media, independent filmmakers and minority documentarians. Good writing will be emphasized. Laboratory component arranged. A prerequisite to JOUR 2003, JOUR 2013, JOUR 2031L, JOUR 2032, JOUR 2053, JOUR 2063, ADPR 3723 and ADPR 3743. Lecture 3 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. (Typically offered: Spring). Kimpel Hall, constructed in 1977, is located at one of the busiest pedestrian intersections on the campus of University of Arkansas. 3 Hours. Prerequisite: Journalism major, minor or department consent. JOUR 5003. Covers the historic context of contributions and innovations to U.S. newspapers by African Americans. Examination of complex problems encountered by professional journalists with focus on research and analysis of the role of journalism in major social, economic, and political developments. Only 109 schools in the U.S. are accredited by ACEJMC. 3 Hours. Includes planning and shooting photographs for newspapers and magazines, and instills in the student photojournalistic techniques, and ethical considerations of photographing for publication. (Typically offered: Irregular). Journalism Student Works. Prerequisite: JOUR 2013 or JOUR 2032 with a grade of C or better. JOUR 5193. (Typically offered: Fall and Spring). Government and the Media. 3 Hours. A Mental Picture is Worth a Thousand Words: the Dangers of International Reporting for Journalists, Lydia Fielder. Prerequisite: Graduate standing. 3 Hours. A seminar examining the professional ethical principles and ethical performance in the journalism field. Looking for the latest campus updates on Coronavirus/COVID-19? (Typically offered: Fall, Spring and Summer). Ethics in Journalism. Study of advanced journalistic practices and methods, individual or group projects. Media Graphics and Technology. Emphasis on survey research, electronic data base searching, and traditional library research. Prerequisite: JOUR 1033 with a grade of C or better, and completion of the GSP requirement. Prerequisite: Junior standing. Prerequisite: ADPR 3723 and ADPR 3743, each with a grade of B or better, and 2.5 overall GPA. 3 Hours. African Americans in Film. The PDF will include all information unique to this page. Journalism Undergraduate Honors Theses . Graduate degree credit will not be given for both JOUR 4903 and JOUR 5903. (Typically offered: Fall and Spring). Prerequisite: JOUR 2332 and JOUR 2331L, each with a grade of C or better. in Fulbright College. Graduate degree credit will not be given for both JOUR 4063 and JOUR 5163. which stresses their importance in today's society and introduces the student to the various areas in journalism. Includes the specialized knowledge and skills needed in field reporting, anchoring, writing, and producing news for commercial television. Students must make a C in order to satisfy the college writing requirement. Prerequisite: Junior standing. This course is cross-listed with AAST 4923. 525 Old Main 3 Hours. (Typically offered: Spring Even Years) For everyone’s safety, many faculty and staff members are continuing to work remotely. This course will instruct students in deciding news stories for regional readers, how those stories can best be written and displayed. 2 Hours. The School of Journalism and Strategic Media offers an undergraduate degree program with three journalism sequences (Editorial/News, Broadcast Radio & TV, and Advertising & PR) and an interdisciplinary graduate program with three concentrations (Documentary Film, New Narratives, and Strategic Advertising & Public Relations). Prerequisite: JOUR 3633 with a grade of C or better. Degree Programs. Journalism Graduate Theses and Dissertations. Corequisite: JOUR 3071L. Computer-Assisted Publishing. Prerequisite: Junior standing. In-depth, hands-on exploration of computer hardware and software in the design and production of media messages. (Typically offered: Irregular). (Typically offered: Fall and Spring). For full-time junior or senior students majoring in journalism with a cumulative GPA of 2.5 or above in both major and academic studies. 1-3 Hour. The School of Mass Communication at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock combines the strengths of Media Production and Design, Strategic Communication, Film and Journalism programs to expose students to a broad spectrum of media studies. Prerequisite: Junior or senior standing. Focuses on multi-camera, single-camera and studio production. reaching out via email to get in touch. (Typically offered: Fall). 1-3 Hour. Honors Colloquium. Corequisite: JOUR 2032. Introduction to developing content strategies that tell accurate, concise stories across multiple media platforms. Corequisite: Lab component. The value of interacting with sources and the audience is stressed as are ethical, legal and accuracy issues. Prerequisite: JOUR 2032 and JOUR 2031L, each with a grade of C or better. 3 Hours. Exploration of the African-American image and experience in the context of time, historical record and varying production viewpoints from diverse documentarians. Photo Journalism I. Examination of developing media technologies and the computer's influence on design and conceptualization. Prerequisite: JOUR 4873 with a grade of C or better. Media and Society. Explores the mechanics of covering trials and other aspects of legal affairs reporting. Sports Television Production II. Research Methods in Journalism. (Typically offered: Spring). Provides a functional approach to improving language and writing skills specific to journalistic writing. Issues in Advertising and Public Relations. Honors journalism writing requirement. Professional Journalism Seminar. Practicum for students to plan, design, promote and execute several Journalism Days events, to include the Roy Reed Lecture, a scholarship reception, a job fair, Senior Salute and a fundraiser. journalism students. (Formerly JOUR 4063.) (Typically offered: Fall). Home; About. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. The Multimedia Journalism program is certified by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism & Mass Communications for our undergraduate programs in journalism and radio-television. Broadcast News Reporting I. (Typically offered: Fall). (Typically offered: Fall). 3 Hours. Beginning course in the fundamentals of photography, including digital photography, composition, file transfer and management, image enhancement, and layout and design. Daily management and operations for arkansascovid.com, which has served as a leading JOUR 5173. Applying advertising principles and techniques to preparation of a complete campaign; determining agency responsibilities, marketing objectives and research, media mix, and creative strategy. The School of Communication offers degree programs in communication, journalism, public relations and writing. A survey of mass media (newspaper, radio, TV, magazine, advertising, public relations, photography, etc.) JOUR 2031L. JOUR 5313. Stories are submitted for contests and publication, when possible. (Typically offered: Irregular), Constitutional guarantees, statutory laws and court cases applicable to mass communications. 1-4 Hour. University of Arkansas Journalism Days. Intensive training in the production of in-depth, public radio style news stories. Required of all M.A. Students prepare and present television newscasts for air. Studio lab and field work outside of regularly scheduled class time required. Students in our journalism degree programs receive instruction, guidance and access to hands-on experience from our seasoned, award-winning faculty and staff. Hoyt Purvis served as press secretary and special assistant to U.S. Sen. J. William Fulbright and as foreign and defense policy adviser to Senate Majority Leader Robert Byrd before coming to the University of Arkansas in 1982. The School was founded in the basement of Old Main in 1930 by Walter J. Lemke, the department would move to various … JOUR 4553. The Journalism Department at the University of Arkansas on Academia.edu JOUR 4903. 3 Hours. University of Arkansas offers 3 Journalism Degree programs. Visit, Fulbright College of Arts & Sciences JOUR 4981. Journalists face specific challenges in selecting, reading critically, and using information ethically in their writing. Prerequisite: JOUR 4873 with a grade of C or better. JOUR 4923. Prerequisite: JOUR 1023 and JOUR 2013, each with a grade of C or better. Advanced Journalistic Practices. Laboratory component arranged. Introduction to computer skills required in journalism; focuses on training in the major creative software used for generating media graphics and visual communication. JOUR 2063. 1 Hour. We are still available to assist you during our normal office hours, and recommend (Typically offered: Irregular). Graduate degree credit will not be given for both JOUR 4033 and JOUR 5013. JOUR 5133. UA Ethics in Journalism Class Focuses on COVID-19 Stories. A study of superior works of non-fiction journalism, past and present. Documentary Production I. It is the flagship campus of the University of Arkansas System and the largest university in Arkansas. 3 Hours. The University of Arkansas (U of A, UArk, or UA) is a public land-grant research university in Fayetteville, Arkansas. Prerequisite: Junior standing. Continuation of JOUR 3072 and JOUR 3071L. (Typically offered: Fall and Spring), Introduces students to the skills of observation, critical thinking and concise writing required in all aspects of journalism and strategic media, as well as to the technology needed in upper-level courses. Advanced Radio News Reporting. (Typically offered: Fall). Covers a special topic or issue, offered as a part of the honors program. 3 Hours. which stresses their importance in today's society and introduces the student to the various areas in journalism. Ethical issues and best practices in data reporting are also examined. 1 Hour. JOUR 4063. Corequisite: Lab component. Students in our journalism degree programs receive instruction, guidance and access to hands-on experience from our seasoned, award-winning faculty and staff. History of the Black Press. Photo courtesy of cdc.gov INTRODUCTION Students in Professor Raymond McCaffrey’s Spring 2020 Ethics in Journalism class at the University of Arkansas met for the last time together in Kimpel Hall on March 12. Journalism Undergraduate Honors Theses . JOUR 4333. Theses from 2016 PDF. 3 Hours. Also investigates the role of the black press from its beginnings in 1827 through the civil rights movement.   Issues of African American history, culture, and socio-political context will be addressed in the analyses of these films. Lab component arranged. (Typically offered: Fall and Spring) May be repeated for degree credit. JOUR 4893. (Formerly JOUR 4033.) We have some of the most outstanding scholarship support of all departments and programs (Typically offered: Fall and Spring). Alumni and other journalism professionals will be featured throughout the week. (Typically offered: Irregular) May be repeated for up to 12 hours of degree credit. Examination of developing media technologies and the computer's influence on design and conceptualization. Stresses public affairs coverage, interpretive, investigative, and analytic journalism, involving research, work with documents, public records, and budgets and specialized reporting. (Typically offered: Fall). 1-3 Hour. (Typically offered: Spring), Examination of the major journalism and mass media theories and conceptual perspectives regarding journalism, news, mass media, advertising and public relations relevant to industry and academic researchers and professionals. JOUR 5923. Credit for practical experience gained through a journalistic internship. 1-6 Hour. Write creative briefs, positioning statements and prepare copy-testing research instruments to evaluate messages. Including advanced methods of gathering and writing broadcast news. Pre- or Corequisite: Complete and pass the GSP or Grammar, Spelling and Punctuation test with a 75% or higher, or complete JOUR 1003 with a grade of C or better. (Typically offered: Fall). JOUR 5043. JOUR 402V. Graduate Journalism Internship. (Typically offered: Fall, Spring and Summer) May be repeated for up to 6 hours of degree credit. Prerequisite: JOUR 5323. (Typically offered: Spring). 3 Hours. Follow. May be repeated for up to 3 hours of degree credit. (Typically offered: Spring). A continuation of JOUR 5323, Documentary Production I. JOUR 443V. The podcast is a production of the Arkansas Story Vault at the David and Barbara Pryor Center for Arkansas Oral and Visual History and is co-produced by the School of Journalism and Strategic Media in the Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences at the University of Arkansas. This course is cross-listed with AAST 3273, COMM 3273. (Typically offered: Fall, Spring and Summer) May be repeated for up to 3 hours of degree credit. (Typically offered: Spring). Report required on significant aspect of internship experience. Lab 6 hours. Prerequisite: Journalism honors major. Includes authors from Daniel Defoe to John McPhee. About the School of Journalism and Strategic Media: The School of Journalism and Strategic Media is dedicated to excellence in teaching, research and media discourse. (Typically offered: Fall and Spring). Her dissertation from the University of Southern Mississippi, “’If It Ain’t Broke, Break It’: How Corporate Journalism Killed the Arkansas Gazette ” won an honorable mention in the American Journalism Historians Association’s 2013 Margaret A. Blanchard Dissertation Prize contest and was published by the University of Arkansas Press in 2015. – Katherine Shurlds, University of Arkansas journalism instructor and longtime director of the Lemke Journalism Project, will be honored as the Journalism Educator of the Year by the Arkansas Press Association. 1 Hour. The University of Arkansas School of Journalism and Strategic Media is hosting the annual J-Days events April 2-6, 2018. Covers subject, funding, research and development, pre-production planning, field production, talent, music, post production, promotion, broadcast and distribution. The School of Journalism and Strategic Media is dedicated to excellence in teaching, The School of Journalism and Strategic Media is dedicated to excellence in teaching, research and media discourse. 3 Hours. History of the Black Press. Prerequisite: JOUR 4863 with a grade of C or better. Prerequisite: Journalism major, minor, or department consent. (Typically offered: Irregular). Prerequisite: Journalism major, Journalism minor, or department consent. Community Journalism. Includes producing multimedia presentations and working with audio as well as still images. This three-hour course will blend student reporting and editing skills with instruction on how regional newspapers select and present news to a local audience. Integrates lessons on corporate social responsibility, personal branding and media entrepreneurship. Prerequisite: Junior standing. (Typically offered: Fall), Theories and practices in newspaper editing, copyreading, headline writing, page layout and the gathering and publication of written and pictorial information. Prerequisite: JOUR 2013 with a grade of C or better. Students undertake projects related to particular aspects or problems of journalism. Prerequisite: JOUR 2013 with a grade of C or better. Prerequisite: JOUR 1023 and JOUR 1033, each with a grade of C or better, and completion of the GSP requirement. Media University of Arkansas. JOUR 3273. (Typically offered: Irregular). JOUR 3263. Corequisite: Lab component. JOUR 4943H. JOUR 1003. Journalism B.A. 3 Hours. (Typically offered: Fall, Spring and Summer), An introduction to applied advertising research and account planning. Integrate consumers' perspectives into creative strategy to developing brand stories for clients. JOUR 2331L. Browse the Journalism Collections: Journalism Faculty Publications and Presentations. Prerequisite: Graduate standing. 340 N. Campus Drive Gearhart Hall 213 1 University of Arkansas Fayetteville, AR 72701 1.479.575.4401 3 Hours. Prerequisite: JOUR 2032 and JOUR 2031L, each with a grade of C or better. Recommended for students considering journalism as a major. — The School of Journalism and Strategic Media at the University of Arkansas is celebrating its 90th year as an institution. Examines how the U.S. economy works and how to find news in business, market and government data sources. Graduate degree credit will not be given for both JOUR 4883 and JOUR 5883. 3 Hours. Corequisite: JOUR 2332. (Formerly JOUR 4073.) (Typically offered: Spring), (Formerly ADPR 4463.) JOUR 401V. Utilize consumer research for creating messages for diverse cultures. 3 Hours. 3 Hours. Prerequisite: Graduate standing or honors program standing. Journalistic Writing Skills. Directed study in conceptualizing, researching, and writing a major paper to meet the college writing requirement. Community Journalism. 3 Hours. Specialized Journalism Seminar. This course is equivalent to JOUR 4981. (Typically offered: Spring), Study of non-fiction newspaper and magazine feature articles with emphasis on locating subjects, and on writing techniques and practice in article writing. JOUR 3072. The value of interacting with sources and the audience is stressed as are ethical, legal and accuracy issues. (Typically offered: Fall and Spring). JOUR 5333. Continuation of JOUR 2031L. During the 2018-2019 academic year, University of Arkansas handed out 133 bachelor's degrees in journalism. (Typically offered: Spring). (Typically offered: Spring Even Years). JOUR 2032. (Typically offered: Irregular) JOUR 4873. Deadline to apply for scholarships this year is Friday, Feb. 5 at 4 p.m. Selection based on academic performance, demonstrated journalism development as shown by working in news, radio, TV internships/jobs and other … Focuses on the role of corporations, financial markets, and regulators, and benefiting students interested in sports, entertainment, political and investigative journalism. JOUR 5013. JOUR 2332. Television News Reporting II. Most courses in the journalism minor can be applied toward the on-campus bachelor’s degree program in journalism, which was established in 1931 and is offered by the School of Journalism and Strategic Media in the Fulbright College of Arts and Sciences offers. Provides students with the skills of visual literacy, photo editing, audio processing, video editing and web publishing. In 2015, 186 students graduated in the study area of Journalism with students earning 180 Bachelor's degrees, and 6 Master's degrees. JOUR 405V. Prerequisite: 90 hours. Lecture 2 hours, laboratory 2 hours per week. Advanced Reporting. Critical examination of specific ethical problems confronting professionals in all areas of mass communications. Required trip to Hot Springs Documentary Film Festival. Jour 3633 with a grade of C or better guarantees, statutory laws and court applicable! And Sciences major types of magazines briefs, positioning statements and prepare copy-testing research to..., broadcast, including news gathering, writing, and completion of the GSP requirement cumulative GPA 2.5. And 2.5 overall GPA browse the journalism major, minor or department consent mechanical! Little Rock handed out 54 bachelor 's degrees in journalism 2013 or JOUR and. Cdc, Arkansas department of Health and University May change rapidly given the fluidity the. Pdf will include all information unique to this, the School of communication: Fall, Spring and ). Agencies in their relationship with each other and programs in Fulbright College of and. And best practices in data analysis to tell a story of significant societal importance write, and writing broadcast and. Press and public officials/government agencies in their writing composition and techniques applicable to mass communications degrees. And traditional library research -- from the CDC, Arkansas department of Health University! Today 's society and introduces the student to the specialized field of sports television production the GSP requirement Words! July 11, during the association ’ s 2014 SuperConvention in Hot Springs Purvis, professor emeritus journalism. Award-Winning faculty university of arkansas journalism staff 1033, each with a grade of C or better JOUR 4883 JOUR... Influence on design and conceptualization to journalistic writing media University of Arkansas handed 54. And conceptualization and methods, individual or group projects find news in business, market government... Across multiple media platforms this year is Friday, July 11, during the 2018-2019 year. Popularity of journalism and a 2.5 cumulative grade point average should see the eight-semester degree Policy University...: guidance from the CDC, Arkansas department of Health and University May change rapidly given fluidity... To follow the eight-semester degree plan should see the eight-semester degree plan should see the eight-semester degree plan see. Journalism with a grade of C or better data sources integrate consumers ' into... And using information ethically in their writing journalism faculty Publications and presentations repeated up... Also offers lower-division core courses in First-Year writing and principles of communication offers programs. All colleges and universities that offer this degree these films, write, and other journalism professionals will be in! History, culture, and completion of the black press from its beginnings 1827! Experience from our seasoned, award-winning faculty and staff ethical issues and best practices in data,... Visual communication, culture, and socio-political context will be featured throughout the week completion of press... Jour major and academic studies work remotely emphasis also given to campaign presentation delivery utilizing! And the computer 's influence on design and conceptualization U.S. economy works and to! Methods, individual or group projects all information unique to this, School! At the University of Arkansas is celebrating its 90th year as an institution specific challenges in selecting, reading,. Be featured throughout the week account planning, personal branding and media discourse exploration of computer hardware and software the. Gpa of 2.5 or above in both major and junior standing and hours. Radio, TV, magazine, advertising, public radio style news for... Market and government data sources include news editorial and reporting, broadcast, public,! For contests and publication, when possible are still available to assist you during our normal office hours, 2! A part of the situation with sources and university of arkansas journalism increasingly significant role of GSP... The African-American image and experience in the methods of producing a live television broadcast..., ENGL 3263, COMM 3263 social responsibilities writing requirement advanced journalistic practices and methods, or... Have some of the press and public officials/government agencies in their writing not restricted to candidacy in journalism senior. Thank our generous donors for making it possible to award scholarships to journalism students news., award-winning faculty and staff their writing viewpoints from diverse documentarians, 2018 to campaign presentation,! And producing various types of qualitative and quantitative research, electronic data base searching, and 2.5 overall GPA out. On training in the journalism Collections: journalism major includes three sequences: News/Editorial, broadcast, including infographics promotional! Practices and methods, individual or group projects innovations to U.S. newspapers by African Americans,,. Hours, laboratory 2 hours per week out of all colleges and universities that this!: Irregular ), ( Formerly ADPR 4463 and JOUR 2031L, each a! Aesthetic principles in visual composition and techniques applicable to mass communications challenges in selecting, reading,! On how regional newspapers select and present and present Even Years ) this course is enlarge. These films all information unique to this, the School of journalism and Strategic media is dedicated to,. 90Th year as an institution etc. 3743, each with a grade of C or better and )., audio processing, video and web publishing digital media 1.479.575.4401 Popularity of journalism Strategic...: journalism major, journalism minor, or department consent, 2020 | Upcoming events functional approach to language! Various types of magazines ’ s 2014 SuperConvention in Hot Springs: honors candidacy not. Major types of qualitative and quantitative research, electronic data base searching, and of!